Diet for diabetes: a menu for a week, what you can and what not

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine pathology in which the metabolism is disturbed due to lack or inappropriate action of the hormone insulin.

There are insulin-dependent (type 1) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2).

In the first case, patients will have to inject insulin preparations, as the hormone in their body is produced in insufficient quantities or is completely absent.

In the second type, the interaction of insulin with the cells is disrupted.

Despite the different mechanisms of development of the pathology, the main role in its treatment is attributed to the diet.

Characteristics of the diet for diabetics

In the past, a food suspension system was the only way to reduce hyperglycemia or high glucose levels. Now the patients' diet has expanded significantly. Diabetics are advised to follow several important rules for effective blood glucose control.

Patients should not starve or overeat. These conditions are dangerous to their health. You need to eat so that the amount of carbohydrates you consume is evenly distributed throughout the day.

General nutritional requirements:

• fractional diet (at least 6 times a day).
• calculation of carbohydrates consumed.
• reduction of animal fats;
• the introduction of plant foods in the diet;
• preference for steamed, baked, boiled food;
• avoiding foods that increase or limit carbohydrate load.
• balanced nutrition;
• replacing sugar with substitutes.
• consumption of coarse fiber foods.
• compliance with the consumption regime
• reduce salt intake;
• elimination of alcohol.

You can diversify your diet by buying utensils that allow you to cook food without oil.

In order for carbohydrates to be absorbed more slowly and not cause jumps in the rise in blood sugar, it is worth following the following recommendations:

1. Eat foods that are coarse or grainy, such as crumbly cereals instead of puree or boiled.
2. Meals should not be hot as temperature affects glucose uptake.
3. The fiber in food inhibits the absorption of simple carbohydrates and helps remove cholesterol.
4. Simple carbohydrates are best consumed after the main meal.

The menu may include foods that contain simple carbohydrates with fiber, such as fruits and berries. Glucose absorption is slowed down if consumed with proteins (protein cream) or fats. However, do not forget that "slow" carbohydrates are also absorbed into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar.

Differences in diet in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

As the reasons for the increase in blood sugar in the first and second type of disease are different, there are different approaches to the diet of patients. For insulin-dependent patients, the diet is more varied. As they suffer from this pathology more often at a young age, high calorie foods are included in the diet. When compiling a diet, the units of cereals consumed are taken into account.

In type 2 diabetes, the main task of the diet is to lose weight. In this case, the menu is calculated according to the calorie content of the products. The patient's diet is more rigid. They are not allowed sugar, fatty foods and foods that raise cholesterol.

Bread unit

The concept of "bread unit" (XE) was introduced to take into account the quantitative composition of carbohydrates. For 1 XE it is considered to be 25 g of bread or 12 g of sugar (carbohydrates). A diagram of bread units is necessary for diabetics to calculate the short insulin administered.

1 XE requires 2-4 units. insulin. The individual need for additional insulin administration according to XE is determined using a self-monitoring diary, which must be kept by the patient.

At one meal, a diabetic should not eat more than 7 IU. The main load of carbohydrates appears in the first half of the day.

In order not to constantly calculate the bread units based on the weight of the products, we created product tables taking into account their energy value.

What is the glycemic index of food?

The glycemic index (GI) is an indicator that shows how much blood sugar can be raised by using a particular product compared to glucose intake.

High GI foods (70 or more):

• honey,
• glucose;
• sugar;
• mashed potatoes;
• baking soda;
• sweets - corn, puffed rice.

Average DG (56-69):

• melon;
• banana;
• oatmeal;
• black bread.

The lowest GI has:

• dairy products;
• milk;
• fruit?
• peas, beans, lentils and other legumes.

Absorption rate is affected by cooking, food integrity and temperature.

In diabetes only medium and low GD foods are allowed.

List of allowed and forbidden products

The principles of a diet for diabetics with different types of diseases differ. However, there are dishes that endocrinologists do not recommend eating.

The list of forbidden foods includes:

• french fries, potatoes, potatoes.
• sweet fruits - grapes;
• fatty meats;
• smoked meats;
• Canned food in oil;
• pate?
• sweet curd, curd mass;
• sweet yogurts;
• margarine;
• white bread and white flour pastries.
• juices from the store;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• sweets, chocolate;
• jam;
• condensed milk;
• fast food.

Patients should fall in love with these foods and beverages:

• mineral water;
• Rose compote;
• vegetable juices;
• freshly squeezed juices from sweet and sour berries and fruits.
• sugar-free citrus fruits.
• frozen and fresh berries.
• low-fat dairy products without sugar.
• Dietary meat - chicken, turkey, beef, rabbit meat.
• cabbage;
• legumes;
• mushrooms?
• tomatoes;
• eggplant;
• greens;
• asparagus;
• broccoli;
• milk;
• Wholemeal pastries.
• seafood;
• fish.

To reduce the starch content of vegetables and cereals, it is recommended to soak them before cooking.

Menu composition rules

When compiling a menu, it is worth considering not only the carbohydrate load and calories of food, but also the activity of the diabetic. Exercise lowers blood sugar levels. In type 1 diabetes, it is recommended to consume 1 IU for each hour of physical activity. This will prevent you from changing your insulin bolus dose.

With obesity, a dietitian helps to formulate a diet taking into account the energy content (caloric content) of food and the daily energy expenditure during physical activity. The calculation takes into account the sex, age and degree of obesity of the patient. It is allowed to arrange fasting days (with type 2 diabetes). However, fasting is contraindicated in such patients.

The general condition of the diabetic is taken into account when preparing the menu. Pregnant and lactating women, adolescents and debilitated patients need protein intake. If the patient has renal or hepatic impairment, ketoacidosis, protein intake is reduced.

Do not forget about other nutrients involved in metabolism: vitamins, zinc, copper, manganese. Due to the tendency of patients to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, the salt content in the dishes is reduced.

Sample menu for a week

Monday

• breakfast: buckwheat porridge, bread with protein bran with butter, tea.
• snack: cabbage salad with egg.
• Lunch: chicken soup, vegetable salad with herbs, green beans with white meat cutlet, compote, diabetic rye bread.
• Afternoon snack: bread with yogurt.
• Dinner: steamed zrazy with fish, rye bread, vegetable salad.
• snack: a fermented milk drink.

Tuesday

• Breakfast: oatmeal, bread with butter, tea.
• snack: salad with parsley, onions and mushrooms.
• Lunch: pea soup, roasted chicken with vegetables, vegetable salad, cereal bread, drink.
• Afternoon snack: fermented baked milk with cookies.
• Dinner: boiled fish with vegetables, whole grain bread, juice.
• snack: yogurt.

Wednesday

• Breakfast: "Artek" porridge, bread with protein bran with butter, coffee.
• snack: salad with celery, apples and carrots.
• Lunch: borscht, buckwheat porridge with steamed cutlet, salad with sauerkraut, bread with protein bran, compote.
• Afternoon snack: cottage cheese with fruit.
• Dinner: bigos with sauerkraut and meat, bread with protein bran, juice.
• snack: baked apple.

Thursday

• Breakfast: eggs, rye bread with butter, tea.
• snack: cottage cheese with yogurt.
• Lunch: green borsch, roasted eggplant with meat, tomato salad with low-fat sour cream, rye bread, compote.
• Afternoon snack: curd pudding with tea.
• Dinner: meat stew with vegetables, rye bread, drink.
• snack: bread with kefir.

Friday

• Breakfast: pearl barley, bread with butter, tea (chicory, coffee).
• snack: fruit salad with yogurt.
• Lunch: fish soup, fish cutlet with vegetable garnish, salad with pepper and cucumber, bread with cereals, citrus drink.
• Afternoon snack: bread with milk.
• Dinner: steamed cutlet with milk sauce, porridge, cereal bread, lemonade.
• snack: fruit.

Saturday

• breakfast: omelette with beef, bread with protein bran with cheese, tea.
• snack: cottage cheese with berries.
• Lunch: mushroom soup, porridge with boiled (cooked) meat, canned peas with onions and herbs, bread with protein bran, compote.
• Afternoon snack: oatmeal cookies with fermented milk.
• Dinner: zucchini stuffed with meat, porridge, bread with protein bran, a drink.
• snack: boiled milk that has been fermented.

Sunday

• Breakfast: brown rice with minced meat and cabbage (cabbage rolls), rye bread with butter, tea.
• snack: bread with yogurt.
• Lunch: meatball soup, chicken omelette, red cabbage salad, rye bread, drink.
• Afternoon snack: kefir with cookies.
• Dinner: fish cake, baked potatoes, rye bread, drink.
• snack: cookie with milk.

The test menu is prepared by a nutritionist. In the future, the diabetic himself supplements the diet, taking into account the recommendations of the doctor.

Ready meals for diabetics

To eat properly with diabetes, you have to spend a lot of time and effort. Most diabetics just do not have enough time to properly compose the menu and prepare the food, so now I would like to talk to you about the company Cryodieta, which makes life easier for people with diabetes.

Cryodieta is a delivery service for ready and tasty food not only for diabetics, but also for people who want to lose weight. The menu was prepared by competent specialists - nutritionists and doctors.

Thanks to the use of a special "shock freezing" technology, you just need to heat the food in the microwave or kitchenette and have a delicious meal. At the same time, the freezer retains all the nutrients.

The main advantages of "Cryodiet":

• production in an ecologically clean area of the Novgorod region.
• delivery without delay in person.
• variety of food?
• vibration freezer (keeps food without preservatives).
• more affordable prices compared to competitors.

Examples of dishes

A ready-to-eat food delivery service for diabetics operates in major cities, so if you want to eat a healthy diet and not spend too much time on it, order a weekly menu on the official website.

Sugar substitutes

In order not to make patients suffer from a lack of sweets, sweeteners can be added to the dishes. They are divided into three groups:

1. Carbohydrates - fructose, sorbose, xylitol, sorbitol, molasses.
2. Protein sweeteners - miraculin, monelin.
3. Synthetic - aspartame, sodium cyclamate.

Endocrinologists recommend the use of the natural sweetener stevia. Its leaves contain a complex of glycosides, which is 200 times sweeter than sugar. The sweetener is beneficial for obesity, high cholesterol and high blood sugar. Due to its ability to normalize metabolism, stevia helps to restore the antitoxic function of the liver.

Plant glycosides stimulate immunity, reduce sugar levels and have a beneficial effect on the digestive and endocrine systems. Drinks containing stevia extract correct the craving for sugary and fatty foods and help you get rid of extra pounds.

High blood sugar is not a death sentence for patients if you learn how to diet and use healthy sweets instead of sugar. Also, do not forget to consult an endocrinologist.